Hudal became the public face of advocacy for Austria, the Austrian bishops' conference, and Austrian prestige in the Vatican, as German groups attempted to reestablish their influence at the Anima. The pope agreed to name Hudal later that month. Von Pastor was concerned that Austria, which had just lost World War I and with it much influence, would lose the Anima to a German, Dutch or Belgian candidate. On 5 February 1923 he recommended Hudal for a position at the Anima, mainly because he was Austrian. Ludwig von Pastor, an Austrian diplomat, introduced Hudal to Pope Pius XI in 1922, and recommended Hudal's study of the Serbo-Croatian National Church to him. In 1930, he was appointed a consultant to the Holy Office by Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val, its prefect. In 1923, he was named rector of the Collegio Teutonico di Santa Maria dell'Anima (known simply as 'Anima') in Rome, a theological seminary for German and Austrian priests. In 1917, he published a book of his sermons to the soldiers, Soldatenpredigten, in which he expressed the idea that 'loyalty to the flag is loyalty to God', though also warning against 'national chauvinism'. During the First World War, he was a military chaplain. He joined the faculty for Old Testament studies at the University of Graz in 1914. He earned his Doctor of Sacred Scripture degree with a dissertation on Die religioesen und sittlichen Ideen des Spruchbuches ('The Religious and Moral Ideas of the Book of Proverbs'), published in 1914. He entered the Teutonic College of Santa Maria dell'Anima in Rome where he was a chaplain from 1911 to 1913 and attended courses in Old Testament at the Pontifical Biblical Institute. In 1911, he earned a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree at the University of Graz. Hudal became a noted specialist on the liturgy, doctrine and spirituality of the Slavic-speaking Eastern Orthodox Churches while a parish priest in Kindberg. He was ordained to the priesthood in July 1908. 1.5 'Good' and 'bad' National SocialismĪlois Hudal was born the son of a shoemaker on in Graz, Austria, and studied theology there from 1904 to 1908.1.4 Perception of Bolshevism and liberalism as enemies.After World War II, Hudal helped establish the ratlines, which allowed prominent Nazi German and other European former Axis officers and political leaders, among them accused war criminals, to escape Allied trials and denazification. In his 1937 book, The Foundations of National Socialism, Hudal praised Adolf Hitler and his policies and indirectly attacked Vatican policies. For thirty years, he was the head of the Austrian-German congregation of Santa Maria dell'Anima in Rome and, until 1937, an influential representative of the Austrian Catholic Church. Photograph of Hudal from the title page of his book The Foundations of National Socialism (1937)Īlois Karl Hudal (also known as Luigi Hudal – ) was an Austrian bishop of the Catholic Church, based in Rome.

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